ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the current research of vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection and to reflect major nations' scientific advances and influence in the field. Methods The literatures were searched from Web of Science citation database,using the term of"vancomycin"and"methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus"(1997—2016).The results were analyzed by bibliometric method concerning the numbers of literatures and citations. Results A total of 5 049 literatures were recorded in Web of Science.The total number of publications and citations was increased quickly from 1997 to 2016.The major type was journal article,about 84.492%.The most studies were on the aspects of microbiology and pharmacology.USA had the largest numbers of publications,accounting for 42.523% of all related publications. Most institutions were from USA,which had the highest number of publications with the highest quality.China ranked the seventh by the numbers of publications. Conclusion USA plays a leading role in this field and the research in China still lags behind its international peers.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of microRNAs 224 and 21 on human glioma stem cells survival and the possible molecular mechanisms.Methods qPCR was used to detect the dysregulated expression of microRNAs in malignant glioma samples, human GBM stem cells, artificially established GBM stem cell lines and human tissues.Caspase 3/7 assay, Annexin V apoptosis/fluorescence assay were performed to determine the effect of miR-21 or miR-224 mimics and inhibitor on cell apoptosis.Living cells count was used to assess miR-21 or miR-224 mimics and inhibitor on cell growth.TargetScan was used to explore potential targets of miR-21 and miR-224, and dual luciferase reporter assay was used to identify whether the 3’UTR of Caspase 3, Caspase 9 and Bim mRNA was a binding target of miR-21 or miR-224.Western blot was used to detect the expression of Caspase 3, Caspase 9 and Bim protein after transfection of miR-21 or miR-224 mimics or inhibitors.Results miR-21 and miR-224 are strongly upregulated in GSC samples, multiple GBM human tumor specimens, and GBM neurosphere stem cell lines ( P<0.05 ) .Caspase 3/7 assay and Annexin V apoptosis/fluorescence assay results showed that miR-224 and miR-21 regulated GSC apoptosis.Living cells count results demonstrated that miR-224 and miR-21 regulated GSC growth.miR-224 and miR-21 regulate pro-apoptotic gene expression by directly targeting Caspase 3, Caspase 9, and Bim 3’-UTRs. Conclusion These results indicate that miR-224 and miR-21 are important physiologic drivers of GSC resistance to apoptosis, providing new points of therapeutic leverage against these treatment-resistant cells.